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Documentation Transparency Ranking — Which Indian Insurers Let a Doctor Read the Policy Before Buying It

By Best Worst Insurance Editorial TeamUpdated 17 August 2026

Every comparison of doctors' indemnity policies in India assumes a step that mostly does not happen: that the buyer can read the policy. So we scored the market on that step alone. Each carrier gets marks out of 10 for what a doctor can actually retrieve in public — the operative wording (4), a prospectus (2), a Customer Information Sheet (2), a published UIN (1), and whether any of it is served from the insurer's own domain (1) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. HDFC ERGO's Mediserve is the only product in the market that scores full marks: wording, prospectus and CIS, current, doctors-specific, self-hosted [6,14]. New India Assurance — the largest general insurer in the country — scores 3, because its doctors' wording survives publicly only on an intermediary's site [1,15]. Oriental scores 2.5: a site migration left its filed wording retrievable only through the Wayback Machine [4]. Future Generali scores 0 — no wording, no prospectus, no CIS, no UIN, and no entry on the insurer's own filed-product list [13]. The scoring method is published in full below so anyone can re-run it.

Documentation transparency, all 12 carriers ranked

Marks: ✓ = published by the insurer on its own domain and readable · (✓) = readable, but only through a third party (IRDAI's library, a bank or broker mirror, an intermediary, the Wayback Machine) · ✗ = not located in any public primary source on 8 July 2026. Weights: policy wording 4, prospectus 2, CIS 2, UIN published 1, documents on own domain 1 [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13].

RankCarrierPolicy wordingProspectusCISUIN publishedOn own domainScore /10What the score means for a buyer
1HDFC ERGO — Mediserve✓✓✓✓✓10The only carrier publishing all three documents — current for FY2025-26, doctors-specific, self-hosted [6,14]
2Go Digit✓✓✓✓✓10\*A complete paper trail, but for a generic professional-liability product: there is no doctors wording to read, and the policy adds a coinsurance the doctor may not insure against [11]
3IFFCO Tokio✓✓✗✓✓8Doctors-specific wording and prospectus both self-hosted; no CIS, and the wording is filed under a /motor/ path
4National Insurance✓✓ (same file)✗✓✓7.5The only PSU with its full operative wording live on its own site — marred by a single filed document that states two different compulsory-excess rates [3]
5IndusInd (ex-Reliance)✓✗(✓)✓✓7Current 2026 doctors wording self-hosted; the CIS it does publish is a generic umbrella-PI sheet carrying marine-cargo boilerplate [18]
6United India✗✓✓✓✓6CIS and prospectus current and self-hosted, but the operative wording is nowhere public — and the prospectus opens by describing plate-glass cover [2]
7Bajaj General (ex Bajaj Allianz)✓✗✗✓✓6Wording self-hosted but generic, and its "Loss" definition excludes bodily injury [9]; the published PDF also has a blank arbitration clause body [9]
8Tata AIG✓✗✗✗ (field blank)✓5Self-hosted wording, but it is a generic E&O policy that excludes bodily injury outright and its UIN field is blank in the filed copy [10]
9ICICI Lombard(✓) IRDAI library(✓) bank mirror✗✓✗4.5Its own domain served nothing to our fetchers; the reliable copy of a roughly 20-year-old wording that still cites service tax at 10.2% lives on irdai.gov.in [5]
10New India Assurance(✓) intermediary✗✗✗✗3India's largest general insurer publishes none of its own doctors paperwork — the wording survives publicly on an agent's site [1,15]
11Oriental Insurance(✓) Wayback only✗✗✓ (printed in the wording)✗2.5A site migration killed every document path; the filed wording now exists publicly only in web archives [4]
12Future Generali (Generali Central)✗✗✗✗✗0Nothing at all. The product is absent from the insurer's own 984-row filed-product list; every published detail is broker paper [13]
—SBI Generaln/an/an/an/an/aNot scoredIt does not sell a doctors' PI product — confirmed against its own filed UIN list, not merely unlocated [12]
—IMA PPS / NPPS (mutual pool, not insurance)Scheme rules, partly public——n/aMixed~3 (analogue)Rules vary by state branch, caps drift between documents, and there is no IRDAI or Ombudsman recourse behind any of it [19,20]

1. You cannot compare terms you cannot read

Every buying guide for doctors' indemnity in India, ours included, compares excess, exclusions, reporting windows and defence-cost treatment. All of that presumes a document. For most of this market, the document is the problem.

There is a second reason the paper matters more here than in motor or health. There is no outcome data to fall back on: no Indian regulator publishes claim-settlement figures for professional indemnity at all [21,22,23,24], and IRDAI's insurer-wise tables fold liability into an "Other Segments" bucket shared with crop, credit and aviation [22,21]. In a line with no published settlement record, the filed wording is the only thing a buyer can hold an insurer to. Whether it is publishable is therefore not an administrative footnote. It is the first comparison.

So we ran that comparison on its own. Four documents, one hosting test, twelve carriers, one day of searching, marks recorded per document per route.

2. The method, published in full

The scoring method, in full

Published so the score can be audited or re-run against any carrier we have missed. The weights are ours; the marks are observations of what was publicly retrievable on 8 July 2026.

ComponentWeightWhat earns the markWhy it carries that weight
Operative policy wording4 of 10The full wording — not a brochure — is readable in publicIt is the only document that decides a claim. The excess, the exclusions, the consent conditions and the reporting window exist nowhere else in binding form.
Prospectus2 of 10A prospectus covering the doctors product is publishedIt is what a buyer is actually shown. Where sales literature contradicts the wording, the contradiction is only visible if both documents exist [2].
Customer Information Sheet (CIS)2 of 10A CIS for the same UIN is publishedThe CIS is the regulator-mandated plain-language summary. Without it the buyer has no sanctioned short form and must read the wording or nothing.
UIN published1 of 10The IRDAI Unique Identification Number appears on the document or the product pageWithout a UIN you cannot tell which filing you are being sold, or check it against the insurer's own filed-product list — the check that exposed both the SBI ghost product [12] and Future Generali's missing one [13].
Documents on the insurer's own domain1 of 10The documents are served from the insurer's site rather than a mirrorA document that survives only on an agent site, a bank mirror or the Wayback Machine can disappear without the insurer doing anything — which is exactly what happened to Oriental [4].

Three deliberate choices are worth stating, because they change the ranking.

The wording carries 4 marks — as much as the prospectus and CIS together — because it is the only document that decides a claim. Sales literature can be wrong in ways only the wording exposes, and that exposure requires both documents to be public: United India's doctors' prospectus opens by describing cover for "the accidental breakage of plate glass" [2], which is only visible as an error because the prospectus is published at all.

A document readable only through a third party scores as present, not absent. ICICI Lombard's wording sits on IRDAI's own library and is perfectly readable [5]; it would be dishonest to mark it missing. It forfeits the own-domain mark instead, which is the honest description of the situation.

And the own-domain mark is only worth 1, but it is the one that predicts decay. Oriental scored a mark for its UIN and for its wording, both of which came out of a PDF that its own website no longer serves [4]. Nothing about the policy changed. The custody did.

3. The top of the table, and the asterisk next to second place

HDFC ERGO's Mediserve is the only product in the Indian market with a complete public paper trail: wording, prospectus and Customer Information Sheet, all on customer-portal-assets.hdfcergo.com, all current for FY2025-26, all doctors-specific [6,14]. It is worth being precise about what that earns. It does not make Mediserve the best policy. The same wording carries the only zero-day post-expiry reporting window we found — no claim is accepted after the policy ends [6], where six other carriers allow 90 days [1,3,4,5,7,8] — and a set of exclusions written for opioid, vaping, IVF and clinical-trial liability that the older wordings simply do not contain [6]. What full documentation earns is that a doctor can know all of that before paying, which is not true anywhere else on this list.

Go Digit scores the same 10 on paper and does not deserve the same conclusion. Its wording, prospectus and CIS are all published, but for a generic professional-liability product with no doctors-specific wording behind it — medical scope depends entirely on how the schedule defines "Professional Services", and the policy adds a "Participation Percentage" coinsurance on every claim above the deductible, with cover voided if the doctor insures against that coinsurance separately [11]. A perfect document set for the wrong document is why the row carries an asterisk rather than a clean second place.

The scores from 8 down to 6 — IFFCO Tokio, National Insurance, IndusInd, United India, Bajaj — are the ordinary middle of this market: most of the paper, some of the time, with a gap that matters. National publishes its full operative wording and then contradicts itself inside it, stating both 0.25% and ½% as the compulsory excess in one filed document [3]. United India publishes a current CIS and prospectus but not the wording those documents summarise [2]. IndusInd publishes a 2026 doctors wording and a CIS whose claims-notification section instructs the insured to notify "the Carriers, Port Authorities or other Bailees" [18].

4. The bottom of the table is where the finding is

Three results at the bottom are worth stating plainly, because no seller in this market will state them.

New India Assurance scores 3. It is the largest general insurer in India and has written this line since before liberalisation. On 8 July 2026 its own website carried no doctors' PI wording, no prospectus, no CIS and no UIN; the wording we read came from an intermediary [1,15]. Its terms, once you have the document, are among the best available — no compulsory excess [1,16], and a defence clause that pays "whether liability ultimately attaches to the policy or not" [1]. The policy is strong. The disclosure is the weakest of any active carrier.

Oriental Insurance scores 2.5. Its filed wording is no longer retrievable from its own site, which now serves no documents at those paths; the copy that exists publicly is a Wayback Machine capture [4]. Oriental is the only PSU wording with genuinely zero compulsory and voluntary excess on its face [4,16]. A buyer would have to know that in advance to go looking for a document that only a web archive still holds.

Future Generali scores 0. Not "hard to find" — nothing. No wording, no prospectus, no CIS, no UIN, and no entry for the product on the insurer's own filed-product list of 984 rows [13]. Every published fact about the product, including that it excludes plastic and cosmetic surgeons [13] and offers a 1:1 ratio only [13,25], comes from a broker page. None of it can be checked against a filed document, which means none of it can be relied on in a dispute.

SBI General sits outside the ranking for a different reason: it does not sell the product. That is established against its own filed UIN lists rather than by failing to find it [12] — a distinction we hold to throughout, and the reason SBI is listed here at all, since its older sales literature cross-sells a doctors' product that no filing supports.

5. What is marketed and what is verifiable are different rankings

ICICI Lombard wrote ₹1,032.73 crore of liability premium in FY2024-25, the largest book of any Indian insurer in the segment [17]. It is the name a doctor under forty is most likely to be sold, and it scores 4.5. Its own domain returned nothing to our fetchers, including on direct PDF paths, so the dependable copy of its wording is the one IRDAI hosts — a filing roughly twenty years old that still quotes service tax at 10.2%, years after GST replaced it [5]. Bajaj, the other heavily distributed name in this vertical, scores 6 on a wording whose "Loss" definition excludes bodily injury [9] and whose published PDF contains an arbitration heading with no clause underneath it [9].

Meanwhile the two carriers whose terms most reward a doctor in a claim — New India and Oriental — sit at 3 and 2.5. There is no relationship in this market between how loudly a policy is sold and how completely it is documented, and no relationship between how completely it is documented and how well it treats a claim. Those are three separate rankings, and only one of them is usually published.

6. What this score does not say

A cross in this table means we could not locate a document in any public primary source on 8 July 2026, after searching the insurer's site, IRDAI's library, bank and broker mirrors and the Wayback Machine. It does not mean the document does not exist. Insurers routinely hand over wordings at proposal stage, and several of these crosses would be erased by uploading a single PDF. Where a document was readable only through a third party we have said so with a bracketed mark rather than scoring it absent, because that is the fair description.

Two crosses are stronger than the rest, and only because the insurers' own filed-product lists say so: SBI General has no doctors' PI product [12], and Future Generali's does not appear on its own list of filed products [13]. Those are findings about a filing, not about our search.

We also make no claim about advertising spend, which nobody publishes. The verifiable proxy for market presence is premium written, and on that measure the segment leader sits mid-table on documentation [17].

7. How to use this before you buy

  • Ask for the wording and the UIN in writing, before you pay. For any carrier scoring 6 or below this is the difference between buying a policy and buying a description of one. Save your own copy; Oriental's disappeared from its own website [4].
  • Check the UIN against the insurer's filed-product list. It takes two minutes and it is what separates a real product from a marketing page [12].
  • Do not read a high score as a recommendation. The 10 comes with a zero-day reporting window [6]; the 3 and the 2.5 come with no compulsory excess at all [1,16][4,16].
  • Read the documents you do get for defects, not just terms. Several of these published files contradict themselves or belong to another product [3][2][18].

Where this ranking sits in the wider comparison: the full side-by-side of every audited product on all eleven terms is on the comparison hub, and the overall verdict is on the best and worst ranking of professional indemnity insurance for doctors. The three dimensions that pair most closely with this one are which policies do not cover malpractice on their published wording, the document-integrity defects in filed PI paperwork, and the post-expiry reporting windows. If you want the public-sector versus private argument with this evidence folded in, it is on PSU vs private.

Frequently asked questions

Which Indian insurer publishes the most about its doctors' indemnity policy?
HDFC ERGO, for its Mediserve product. It is the only doctors-specific professional indemnity product in India whose insurer publishes the policy wording, the prospectus and the Customer Information Sheet on its own website [6,14], all current for FY2025-26. Go Digit publishes an equally complete set, but for a generic professional-liability product with no doctors wording behind it [11], so a doctor reading it still cannot see the terms that would apply to a malpractice claim.
Why can't I find New India's doctors' indemnity policy wording online?
Because New India does not publish it. As of 8 July 2026 the insurer's own site carried no wording, no prospectus, no Customer Information Sheet and no UIN for the doctors' policy; the copy we read was hosted by an intermediary [1,15]. That is remarkable for the largest general insurer in India, and it is not a comment on the policy itself — New India's wording has no compulsory excess at all [1,16] and funds the defence "whether liability ultimately attaches to the policy or not" [1], which are among the best terms in the market. Ask your agent for the wording in writing before you sign, and keep the PDF.
Does a high transparency score mean the policy is better?
No, and the top of this table proves it. HDFC ERGO Mediserve scores 10 on documentation while carrying the single harshest reporting bar we found anywhere: no claim is accepted once the policy has expired [6], against a 90-day window at six other carriers [1,3,4,5,7,8]. Oriental scores 2.5 and charges no compulsory or voluntary excess at all [4,16]. The score measures whether you can find out what you are buying, which is a precondition for judging it — not a substitute for judging it.
What is a UIN and why does it matter for a doctors indemnity policy?
A UIN is the Unique Identification Number IRDAI assigns to a filed product. It matters because it is the only way to tell which filing you are being sold and to check it against the insurer's own published product list. That check is what established that SBI General has no doctors' PI product at all, rather than one we simply could not find [12], and that Future Generali's broker-sold doctors' policy does not appear on its insurer's 984-row filed-product list [13]. Tata AIG's published wording leaves the UIN field literally blank [10].
Which doctors' indemnity insurer publishes nothing at all?
Future Generali, now trading as Generali Central. We found no wording, no prospectus, no CIS and no UIN for its broker-sold doctors' indemnity, and the product is not listed among the 984 filed products on the insurer's own site [13]. Everything published about the product — its eligibility rules, its ratio, its excess — comes from a broker page [13,25][13], which means none of it can be checked against a filed document.
How was this transparency score calculated?
Out of 10, from four public documents plus one hosting test: the operative policy wording is worth 4 [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13], a prospectus 2, a Customer Information Sheet 2, a published UIN 1, and serving the documents from the insurer's own domain 1. A document readable only through IRDAI's library, a bank mirror, an intermediary or the Wayback Machine scores as present but forfeits the own-domain mark. All searching was done on 8 July 2026, insurer site first, archives last. The full weights table and the per-carrier marks are on this page, and the same evidence drives our document-integrity findings.
Should I refuse to buy from an insurer that won't publish its wording?
Not automatically — two of the strongest sets of terms in this market belong to carriers scoring 3 and 2.5 [1,16][4,16]. But treat a low score as a condition on the purchase rather than a detail: insist on the full wording and the UIN in writing before you pay, save your own copy, and re-request it at each renewal. Doctors buying at the bottom of this table are the ones most likely to discover a term for the first time during a claim — and late notice is already the most litigated reason indemnity claims fail in India [26].

Sources

Every figure on this page is footnoted to one of the primary documents below. Reliability tiers: A = regulator, court or filed document; B = reputable publisher or carrier official page; C = user-generated (reported by users).

  1. 1.New India Assurance Co. — Professional Indemnity Policy for Doctors and Medical Practitioners — policy wording. https://www.iosweb.net/m-documents/DRINDEMCLAUSE.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  2. 2.United India Insurance Co. — Professional Indemnity Insurance Policy for Doctors — prospectus. https://uiic.co.in/web/sites/default/files/Policy-Document/Professional%20Indemnity%20Insurance%20Policy-%20for%20Doctors.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  3. 3.National Insurance Co. (NICL) — Professional Indemnity (for Doctors & Medical Practitioners) — full wording + specimen schedule. https://nationalinsurance.nic.co.in/sites/default/files/2026-04/Prof.Indmn%20Doctor%20Medical%20estb%20prospectus.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  4. 4.The Oriental Insurance Co. — Professional Indemnity Policy for Doctors & Medical Practitioners — policy wording (Wayback copy). https://web.archive.org/web/20230402045912id_/https://orientalinsurance.org.in/documents/10182/5106103/Terms+%26+conds+of++PROFESSIONAL+INDEMNITY+POLICY+FOR+DOCTORS+%26+MEDICAL+PRACTITIONERS.pdf/065f44d4-58e6-6bca-a65e-a414a2197132Tier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  5. 5.ICICI Lombard (hosted by IRDAI) — Professional Indemnity Policy (For Doctors & Medical Practitioners) — policy wording. https://irdai.gov.in/documents/37343/993134/6_Policy+Wordings+Doctors+and+Medical+Practitioners_Misc+21_GEN073.pdf/dcdecdb3-f154-806d-88d7-1ebffee7eb61?version=1.1&t=1668243606849&download=trueTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  6. 6.HDFC ERGO General Insurance — Mediserve Professional Indemnity — policy wording. https://customer-portal-assets.hdfcergo.com/documents/MediserveProfessionalIndemnity-PolicyWordings-526654013238.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  7. 7.IFFCO Tokio General Insurance — Professional Indemnity Policy — wording for Doctors, Medical Practitioners and Medical Establishments. https://www.iffcotokio.co.in/content/dam/iffcotokio/policy-wordings/motor/professional-indemnity-policy-wording-doctors.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  8. 8.IndusInd General Insurance (ex Reliance General) — IndusInd Professional Indemnity Policy for Doctors and Medical Practitioners — policy wording. https://www.indusindinsurance.com/Downloads/professional-indemnity-policy-for-doctors-and-medical-practictioners.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  9. 9.Bajaj General Insurance (ex Bajaj Allianz) — Professional Indemnity Insurance Policy — policy wording (generic, retail UIN). https://www.bajajgeneralinsurance.com/download-documents/commercial-insurance/professional-indemnity-insurance-policy/Professional-Indemnity.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  10. 10.Tata AIG General Insurance — Professional Shield — policy wording (generic professionals' E&O). https://www.tataaig.com/s3/professional_shield_417d979962.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  11. 11.Go Digit General Insurance — Digit Professional Liability Policy — retail policy wording. https://www.godigit.com/content/dam/godigit/directportal/en/downloads/others/policy-wordings-digit-professional-liability-policy.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  12. 12.SBI General Insurance — SBI General filed UIN product list. https://content.sbigeneral.in/uploads/Product_list_for_website_2_New_896efc8d9c.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-08-17
  13. 13.Generali Central Insurance (ex Future Generali) — Complete filed-product list for website (984 rows). https://www.generalicentralinsurance.com/footer-pdf/product-list-for-website.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  14. 14.HDFC ERGO General Insurance — Mediserve Professional Indemnity — Customer Information Sheet. https://customer-portal-assets.hdfcergo.com/documents/MediserveProfessionalIndemnity-CIS-840893480119.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  15. 15.New India Assurance Co. — Professional Indemnity Insurance — product page. https://www.newindia.co.in/professional-indemnity-insuranceTier B · Reputable publisher / carrier official · Accessed 2026-07-08
  16. 16.All-India general insurers (Oriental-branded copy) — Market Agreement on Rating of Professional Indemnity Insurances (1991). https://telearogya.com/assets/PROFESSIONAL_INDEMNITY-MARKET_AGREEMENT.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Published 1991-12-01 · Accessed 2026-07-08
  17. 17.General Insurance Council — GI Council segment-wise premium report FY2024-25 (final, provisional & unaudited). https://www.gicouncil.in/media/4513/final-segment-24-25.xlsxTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Published 2025-05-01 · Accessed 2026-07-17
  18. 18.IndusInd General Insurance — IndusInd Professional Indemnity Insurance — Customer Information Sheet (generic umbrella PI). https://www.indusindinsurance.com/Downloads/indusind-professional-indemnity-insurance-policy.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-08
  19. 19.Indian Journal of Ophthalmology (via PMC) — IJO editorial on medico-legal protection and the IMA/AIOS Professional Protection Scheme (Jan 2020). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6951135/Tier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Published 2020-01-01 · Accessed 2026-07-17
  20. 20.Indian Medical Association (national) — IMA National Professional Protection Scheme (NPPS) — brochure. https://www.ima-india.org/branch/cms/images/8746_NPPS.pdfTier B · Reputable publisher / carrier official · Accessed 2026-07-08
  21. 21.IRDAI — IRDAI Annual Report 2024-25. https://irdai.gov.in/documents/37343/366637/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F+_+IRDAI+Annual+Report+2024-25.pdf/06f02832-66a3-6308-a16f-f46a6640fc93Tier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Published 2025-12-30 · Accessed 2026-10-02
  22. 22.IRDAI — Handbook on Indian Insurance Statistics 2024-25. https://irdai.gov.in/handbook-of-indian-insuranceTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Published 2026-02-01 · Accessed 2026-07-17
  23. 23.General Insurance Council — GI Council Yearbook 2023-24. https://www.gicouncil.in/yearbook/2023-24/Tier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-17
  24. 24.Council for Insurance Ombudsmen — Insurance Ombudsman Annual Report 2023-24. https://cioins.co.in/annualreports/AnnualReport2023-2024.pdfTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Published 2024-09-01 · Accessed 2026-07-17
  25. 25.SecureNow (broker) — How much does a doctor's professional indemnity insurance cost?. https://securenow.in/insuropedia/how-much-does-a-doctors-professional-indemnity-insurance-cost/Tier B · Reputable publisher / carrier official · Published 2024-01-01 · Accessed 2026-07-17
  26. 26.IndianKanoon (catalog compiled by Best Worst Insurance) — Doctors' PI judgments sweep — 25-case catalog of insurer conduct (consumer fora, High Courts, Supreme Court). https://indiankanoon.org/search/?formInput=%22professional%20indemnity%22%20doctorTier A · Regulator / court / filed document · Accessed 2026-07-17